Submission to TMLR

Keeps its parent,
not its anchor

In a Search Loop on Circle Packing, a Claude Code Subagent Keeps or Improves Its Parent, Not Its Zero-Shot Anchor

Experiment map Arms, registered predictions, checks and deviations. Click a node for its result; zoom or expand to read every label.

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    Highlightsv17

    The loop

    Post hoc

    Valid outputs that are the anchor construction

    21 of 84
    Seeds, no parent
    8 of 273
    Descendants

    One parent

    Valid outputs, by the single parent shown

    26 of 26
    Best grid: kept or improved
    17 of 28
    Anchor: moved above it
    20 of 34
    Poor parent: back at anchor

    Serving path

    Calls that returned a valid packing

    0 of 105
    API, thinking off
    12 of 14
    API, thinking on
    6 of 6
    Agent runtime

    Thinking off covers seven circle counts. The other two bars are at N = 13. The agent-runtime count is post hoc.

    Figure 1 N = 31

    Three packings,
    one lineage

    Artifact 8.7 MB

    Ledgers, scripts
    and registrations

    Changelog
    5 Oct 2026Page redesigned
    4 Oct 2026Version 17 posted here
    28 Sept 2026Version 17 of the paper built
    18 Sept 2026Revision 1.14 posted with the artifact

    Figure 1

    Three packings of 31 circles from one lineage of the replicated loop

    From the anchor to the model's own layout

    Sum of radii S, higher is better

    Three packings of 31 circles in a unit square. Left: a six by six grid missing five sites, sum of radii 2.5833. Middle: a five by five grid with six small filler circles, sum 2.7485. Right: six offset rows of circles plus one small corner circle, sum 2.7727.
    • (a) A seed with no parent: the anchor construction, a 6 × 6 grid missing five sites.
    • (b) Generation 1: the best related grid, 5 × 5 with six fillers.
    • (c) Generation 4, a child of (a): 30 circles in six offset rows plus a corner circle, shown after a post hoc radius repair.
    Illustration onlyv17, Figure 1

    Abstract

    Does the answer an LLM proposer gives most often zero-shot persist inside a search loop? For an agent runtime (a Claude Code subagent requested as Haiku) on circle packing, an AlphaEvolve showcase task, it mostly does not. Without a parent, the subagent's valid outputs at N = 13 and 31 most often match the score of one grid layout, the anchor construction. For single calls that show a parent and ask for a higher sum of radii, we registered that the anchor would persist. Instead, shown that construction as a parent, most valid outputs move above it; shown a parent scoring the family maximum (the best related-grid score), all 26 valid outputs keep or improve its score. Only a parent far below the anchor value often yields the anchor value.

    Inside a minimal archive-and-mutate loop, the registered anchor-match rate is lower in descendants than in parentless seeds in all 19 replicate lineages with enough valid outputs to score. Post hoc, most valid descendants keep or improve their parent's score; few reproduce the anchor construction. Validity differs by serving configuration: through a pinned API with thinking off, no directly emitted packing was valid in 105 calls at seven circle counts, unlike most parentless agent-runtime outputs.

    Method

    What was tested and how it was fixed in advance

    Task

    Place N circles in the unit square and maximize the sum of their radii. The anchor is the score the model returns most often when it sees no parent.

    Model

    A Claude Code subagent requested as Haiku. A separate arm calls the model through a pinned API, with thinking off and on.

    Loop

    A minimal archive-and-mutate loop at N = 13 and 31. Each lineage starts from parentless seeds, then runs five generations that each see one archived parent.

    Registration

    Predictions were registered and timestamped before sampling. Every miss is reported, including our own prediction that the anchor would persist.

    Artifact

    Everything needed to recheck the numbers

    Supplementary archive

    ZIP, 8.7 MB, 644 entries

    • 1,255planned call slots replayed from the raw ledgers
    • Scriptsreplay the ledgers and check the numbers printed in the paper
    • Stampsregistration commits timestamped with OpenTimestamps on Bitcoin
    • Runpython -B verify_revision.py
    ZIP, 8.7 MBv17 archive

    Cite

    @misc{gugale2026parent,
      title  = {In a Search Loop on Circle Packing, a Claude Code Subagent
                Keeps or Improves Its Parent, Not Its Zero-Shot Anchor},
      author = {Gugale, Soham Shailesh},
      year   = {2026},
      note   = {Submission to TMLR},
      url    = {https://soham-research.vercel.app}
    }